Milichiella lacteipennis

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Nomenclature & Description

Milichiella lacteipennis Loew

Species epithet: 
lacteipennis
Author: 
Loew
Year: 
1866
Page: 
185
Type data: 

Cuba (ST B MCZ)

Valid genus: 
Milichiella
BDWD_rec_number: 
40810
Distribution: 

almost cosmopolitan in warm (mediterranean to tropical) areas

Biology: 

Larvae are saprophagous, coprophagous and necrophagous. Females are kleptoparasitic on spiders and predaceous insects. In a rearing experiment with compost from Gomera the development from egg to adult lasted 4-7 weeks (in Germany) with the the puparium lasting about 2 weeks.

Discussion: 

For comprehensive catalog citations click here

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Milichiella species description

Milichiella lacteipennis

species name description: 
Milichiella lacteipennis
author: 
Loew
year: 
1866
Diagnosis: 

Differs from congeners in the combination of posterior eye margin with notch, shiny black mesonotum, yellow halter and male abdomen with T2-4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges

orbital setae [number]: 
2+1
frontal setae [number]: 
2
lower frontal seta [inclination]: 
medioclinate
frontal width: 
2.5
basoflagellomere [color]: 
black or basomedially reddish
arista [length]: 
3.3
arista [length of pubescence]: 
very short
frons [color]: 

subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black

palpus [color]: 
black or reddish
male posterior eyemargin [shape]: 
wide notch (5-6oc) and narrow emargination (1oc)
lunule [color]: 
reddish or black
face [color]: 
grey microtomentose
male thorax [color]: 

shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleura with anepisternum and middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise slightly brown microtomentose

dc [number]: 
2
prsc [number]: 
1
pprn [number]: 
1
prs [number]: 
1(+0.4)
kat [number]: 
2
prsc [length]: 
1
seta between prsc and dc: 
absent
wing [color]: 
hyaline, veins yellow
calypter [color]: 
white
male halter [color]: 
yellow
vein M sections: 
1.5
vein R4+5 and M: 
strongly converging (6.5)
vein R1-spot [presence]: 
absent
tibial organ [presence]: 
absent
legs [color]: 
black, fore and hindtarsus with yellow brush
forefemur setulose [presence]: 
normal
male abdomen [color]: 
T2-4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges, T5 shiny except for anterior margin
male abdomen [chaetotaxy]: 
T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2-5 setulose except for anterior halfs, T5 lateral margins with long setae
male sternite 5 [shape, chaetotaxy]: 
1.6x as long as wide, 2.0x as long and 1.5x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose
abdominal triangle [presence]: 
present
male terminalia, other characters: 

apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta; pregonite with tuft of strong setulae; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension

setae in anteroventral corner of epandrium [number]: 
0
setae on subepandrial plate [number]: 
0
surstylus [chaetotaxy]: 
without setulae
surstylus [structure of lateral surface]: 
striate
surstylus [shape]: 

0.3x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.2x), slightly bent anteriorly, straight in posterior view, 1.3x as long as wide

female posterior eyemargin [shape]: 
wide notch (6oc) and emargination (2oc)
female halter [color]: 
yellow
female thorax [color]: 

shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleura anterodorsally shiny, posteroventrally slightly greyish microtomentose, except for shiny spot on katepisternum

female abdomen [color]: 
T2-4 medially brown microtomentose, laterally shiny, T5 shiny
wing length [mm]: 
2.5
body length [mm]: 
2.5-3
male specimen studied: 
x
female specimen studied: 
x
remarks: 

There are one male and two female syntypes of Milichiella lacteipennis in MCZ. The male which has been photographed (Type 13451, Anonymous 2009) was designated as lectotype by Brake (2009).

There is one female ST of M. nitida in BMNH. Walker did not state the number or sex of the type specimens of M. nitida. The female specimen in BMNH was designated as the lectotype by Brake (2009) to permit synonymy of M. nitida with M. lacteipennis. Gymnopa nitida Walker, 1836 is thus the senior synonym of M. lacteipennis. However, the name Gymnopa nitida has not been used in original literature after 1899 (only in catalogues), whereas the name Milichiella lacteipennis has been in frequent use. M. lacteipennis is therefore designated as the valid name following ICZN Art. 23.9. Photographs of the male ST of M. lacteipennis are shown in the MCZ type database.

Specimens studied by Brake (2009) were collected on goat, dairy cattle and pig dung, manure piles, grass clippings, garden compost, flowers of Donnellsmithia hintonii M&G., Asclepias, Baccharis glutinosa, Ochradenus baccatus, Tamarix, and leaves of pawpaw, and in Malaise, light, flight, pan, pit fall, carrion, and dung traps. Habitats are arid zones, beach forest, forest edges, mountain meadows and ponderosa pine/meadow. Flies were bred from decaying banana skins and ground-nut plots. Milichiella lacteipennis was observed swarming beside cactus and was attracted by raw or linseed oil or paint.

PA: 
x
AF: 
x
OR: 
x
AU: 
x
NEA: 
x
NEO: 
x
Distribution: 

America, from southern Canada south to Chile and Argentinia; southern Europe to Japan, south to Africa and Australia; Pacific islands; country map click here

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Image

Mile_lact_lat.jpg
Mile_lact_dors.jpg
Mile_lact_tho.jpg
Mile_lact_head.jpg
Mile_lact_frons.jpg
Mile_lact_wing.jpg
Mile_lact_abdlat.jpg
Mile_lact_abdven.jpg
Becker1907_162.jpg
Hend1913-106.jpg
Lamb1914-360.jpg
Mile_lact_egg1.jpg
Mile_lact_egg4.jpg
Mile_lact_egg3.jpg
Mile_lact_egg5.jpg
Bezzi1928-162.jpg
Becker1907_163.jpg
Mile_lact_egg2.jpg
Malloch1924-336.jpg
Malloch1931-76.jpg
Loew1866-185.jpg
Milichiella lacteipennis, female, head
Milichiella lacteipennis, female, head
Mile_lact_pup_ven.jpg
Mile_lact_pup_ant.jpg
Mile_lact_pup_post.jpg
Mile_lact_pup_cov.jpg
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Specimens map

Imagery ©2009 TerraMetrics, NASA, Map data ©2009 Europa Technologies - Terms of Use
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Phylogenetic tree

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Bibliography

Year of Publication Authors Title
1866 Loew, H Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena
1896 Williston, SW On the diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies)
1900 Coquillett, DW Report on a collection of dipterous insects from Puerto Rico
1907 Becker, T Die Dipteren-Gruppe Milichiinae
1908 Becker, T Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln
1912 Cole, FR Some Diptera of Laguna Beach
1913 Malloch, JR A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of new genera and species
1914 Lamb, CG The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Vol. 5. No XV
1914 Bezzi, M Ditteri raccolti dal Prof. F. Silvestri durante il suo viaggio in Africa
1918 de Meijere, JCH Studien über südostasiatische Dipteren. XIV
1919 Johnson, CW A revised list of the Diptera of Jamaica
1925 Cole, FR Notes on the Diptera of Laguna Beach California
1928 Bezzi, M Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History)
1936 Frey, R Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme
1937 Hennig, W Milichiidae et Carnidae
1979 Papp, L Milichiidae and Carnidae from Afghanistan
1985 Sivinski, J Mating by kleptoparasitic flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) on a spider host
1987 Landau, GD, Gaylor MJ Observations on commensal Diptera (Milichiidae and Chloropidae) associated with spiders in Alabama
1998 Deeming, JC Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) from the Arabian Peninsula
1999 Iwasa, M The genus _Milichiella_ Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) of Japan
2006 Papp, L, Merz B, Foldvari M Diptera of Thailand. A summary of the families and genera with references to the species representations
2008 Borges P. A. V., F A B C-TAMM, Serrano(coord.ARM) 10.1 List of arthropods (Arthropoda)
2009 Brake, I Milichiella lacteipennis, comprehensive catalog citations
2009 Brake, I Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae)
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Specimens

Institution/Collection/Catalogue Taxonomic name
IBC Diptera Mile_lact_IL129 Milichiella lacteipennis
IBC Diptera Mile_lact_E231 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218208 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217271 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217272 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217276 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217277 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217278 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217279 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217280 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217281 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217283 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217284 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217285 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217273 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217274 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217275 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217282 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCZC IBC 3218330 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219241 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218210 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218211 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218289 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218290 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218291 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218292 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218293 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218294 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218295 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218752 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218749 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218751 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218748 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218746 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218747 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218750 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218745 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219235 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219236 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219237 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219238 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219239 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219240 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219227 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219228 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219229 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219230 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219231 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219232 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219233 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219234 Milichiella lacteipennis
BMNH IBC 3218108 Milichiella lacteipennis
HNHM IBC 3218417 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218209 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218206 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218207 Milichiella lacteipennis
SMTD IBC 3219225 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219226 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219277 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219299 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219300 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219301 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219302 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219303 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219304 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219340 Milichiella lacteipennis
Ramel IBC 3219554 Milichiella lacteipennis
BMNH IBC 3219722 Milichiella lacteipennis
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Authors & Sources

Citation created: Tue, 19 Jan 2010 18:58:36 +0000

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