M. H.  Robinson and Robinson, B., ?Associations between flies and spiders: Bibiocommensalism and dipsoparasitism??, Psyche, a Journal of Entomology, vol. 84, pp. 150-157, 1977.

W.  Nentwig, ?Obligate kleptoparasitic behaviour of female flies at spider webs (Diptera: Empidoidea: Microphoridae)?, Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 215, pp. 348-354, 1985.

J.  Sivinski, ?Mating by kleptoparasitic flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) on a spider host?, Florida Entomologist, vol. 68, pp. 216-222, 1985.

G. D.  Landau and Gaylor, M. J., ?Observations on commensal Diptera (Milichiidae and Chloropidae) associated with spiders in Alabama?, Journal of Arachnology, vol. 15, pp. 270-272, 1987.

T.  Eisner, Eisner, M., and Deyrup, M., ?Chemical attraction of kleptoparasitic flies to heteropteran insects caught by orb-weaving spiders?, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 88, pp. 8194-8197, 1991.

J.  Sivinski and Stowe, M., ?A kleptoparasitic Cecidomyiid and other flies associated with spiders?, Psyche, a Journal of Entomology, vol. 87, pp. 337-348, 1980.