C. W.  Sabrosky, ?78. Family: Milichiidae?, in Catalog Diptera, Australian and Oceanian Regions, vol. 86, N.  Evenhuis, Ed. 1989, pp. 555-557.

G. M.  Nishida, Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. Honolulu: Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1992, p. iv + 313 pp??