R.  Frey, Enumeratio insectorum fenniae, vol. VI.Diptera. Helsingfors: Helsingfors Entomologiska Bytesförening, 1941, p. 63 pp.

S.  Nordberg, ?Biologisch-ökologische Untersuchungen über die Vogelnidicolen?, Acta zoologica Fennica, vol. 21, pp. 1-168, 1936.

J.  Rohacek, ?Carnidae, Tethinidae, Milichiidae?, in Diptera of the Pálava Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO, II, R.  Rozkosny and Vanhara, J., Eds. 1999, pp. 325-330.

A. A.  Stackelberg, ?Acalyptrata, part 1?, List of Diptera of the Leningrad Region. III, pp. 103-191, 1958.

E. A.  Hicks, ?Check-list and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Supplement I?, Iowa State Journal of Science, vol. 36, pp. 233-348, 1962.

F. R.  Cole, ?Milichiidae?, in The flies of Western North America, F. R.  Cole and Schlinger, E., Eds. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969, pp. 387-390.

W.  Hackman, ?A check list of the Finnish Diptera. II. Cyclorrhapha?, Notulae entomologicae, vol. 60, pp. 117-162, 1980.