L. O.  Howard, ?A contribution to the study of the insect fauna of human excrement. (With special reference to the spread of typhoid fever by flies.)?, Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 541-604,pls.XXX-XXXI, 1900.

M.  Lesne, ?Faune entomologique des fosses d'aisances et des excreménts humaines?, Bulletin du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, vol. 29, pp. 161-167, 1923.

J. P.  Haenni, ?Note sur quelques diptères associés à un gîte de chauves-souris arboricoles?, Musée d'histoire naturelle, Neuchâtel, vol. 1988, pp. 51-53, 1988.

L.  Papp, ?Fly communities in pasture dung: Some results and problems (Diptera)?, Acta zoologica Academiae scientiarum hungaricae, vol. 38, pp. 75-88, 1992.

L.  Papp, ?Dipterous assemblages of sheep-run droppings in Hungary (Diptera) I: Qualitative results?, Folia entomologica hungarica, vol. 56, pp. 153-162, 1995.

D. J.  Lewis, ?Some Diptera of medical interest in the Sudan Republic?, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, vol. 110(4), pp. 81-98, 1958.

M. D.  Coffey, ?Studies on the association of flies (Diptera) with dung in southeastern Washington?, Annals of the entomological Society of America, vol. 59, pp. 207-218, 1966.