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G. E.  Bohart and Gressitt, J. L., ?Filth-inhabiting flies of Guam?, Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, vol. 204, pp. 1-152, 1951.

D.  Lee, Crust, M., and Sabrosky, C. W., ?The Australasian Diptera of J. R. Malloch?, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol. 80, p. 289-?, 1956.