@article {23906,
	title = {{\textquoteleft}Bleeding{\textquoteright} flowers of <i>Ceropegia gerrardii</i> (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) mimic wounded insects to attract kleptoparasitic fly pollinators},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {239},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-04-2023},
	pages = {1490-1504},
	abstract = {<p><jats title="">Summary</jats><jats p=""><jats list="" list-type="bullet"> <jats list-item=""><jats p="">Kleptomyiophily, where flowers imitate wounded insects to attract \&lsquo;kleptoparasitic\&rsquo; flies as pollinators, is one of the most specialized types of floral mimicry and often involves physical trapping devices. However, the diversity of pollinators and functional floral traits involved in this form of mimicry remain poorly understood. We report a novel example of kleptomyiophily in the nontrapping flowers of <jats italic="">Ceropegia gerrardii</jats> and explore the floral traits responsible for attracting pollinators.</jats></jats> <jats list-item=""><jats p="">The pollinators, reproductive biology and floral traits (including epidermal surfaces, spectral reflectance and the composition of nectariferous petal secretions and scent) were investigated. Attractive volatiles were identified using electrophysiological and behavioural experiments.</jats></jats> <jats list-item=""><jats p=""><jats italic="">Ceropegia gerrardii</jats> was predominantly pollinated by kleptoparasitic <jats italic="">Desmometopa</jats> spp. (Milichiidae) flies. The flower corollas extrude a protein- and sugar-containing secretion, similar to the haemolymph of wounded insects, on which the flies feed. Floral scent was chemically similar to that of injured honey bees. Four out of 24 electrophysiologically active compounds, all released by injured honey bees, were identified as key players in pollinator attraction.</jats></jats> <jats list-item=""><jats p="">Our results suggest that <jats italic="">C.\&thinsp;gerrardii</jats> flowers chemically mimic wounded honey bees to attract kleptoparasitic flies and reward them with a secretion similar to the haemolymph on which they would normally feed.</jats></jats> </jats></jats></p>
},
	keywords = {behavioural trap, Brachystelma, electroantennographic detection, floral scent, fly-pollination, haemolymph mimicry, honey bee mimicry, kleptoparasitism},
	issn = {0028-646X, 1469-8137},
	doi = {10.1111/nph.18888},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18888},
	author = {Heiduk, Annemarie and Brake, Irina and Shuttleworth, Adam and Johnson, Steven D.}
}
@article {23170,
	title = {Nuevos datos sobre d{\'\i}pteros iberobaleares (D{\'\i}ptera: Orthorrhapha y Cyclorrhapha)},
	journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Asociaci{\'o}n espa{\~n}ola de Entomolog{\'\i}a},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {53-95},
	url = {http://www.entomologica.es/cont/publis/boletines/1053.pdf},
	author = {Carles-Tolr{\'a}, M.}
}
@article {15807,
	title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pal{\"a}arktischen Madizinae},
	journal = {Natuurhistorisch Maandblad},
	volume = {1935},
	year = {1935},
	pages = {14-16, 24-26, 37-40},
	type = {article},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa sordida, fascifrons, Hypaspistomyia, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Liodesma atra, luteola, Madiza glabra, Madiza pachymera, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Neophyllomyza fascifrons, Neophyllomyza leanderi, Neophyllomyza quercus, Phyllomyza beckeri, Phyllomyza donisthorpei, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza fagicola, Phyllomyza flavitarsis, Phyllomyza formicae, Phyllomyza lasiae, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza lucens, Phyllomyza rubricornis, Phyllomyza silesiaca, Phyllomyza tetragona, species description},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Duda_1935.pdf},
	author = {Duda, O.}
}
@article {14881,
	title = {Milichiidae of the Lake Kerkini region in Greece},
	number = {19 January 2010},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa microps, Desmometopa sordida, Enigmilichia, Greece, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza, Madiza glabra, Milichia ludens, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella iberica, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Paramyia hungarica, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza securicornis, Phyllomyza sp. Sultanitsa},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/node/12233},
	author = {Irina Brake}
}
@inbook {3980,
	title = {Milichiidae et Carnidae},
	booktitle = {Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region},
	volume = {61a},
	year = {1937},
	pages = {1-91},
	type = {chapter},
	keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Milichiidae, Palaearctis},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hennig1937.pdf},
	author = {Hennig, W.}
}
