@inbook {23594, title = {Milichiidae}, booktitle = {Diptera of the Po{\v l}ana Protected Landscape Area - Biosphere Reserve (Central Slovakia)}, year = {2009}, pages = {243-345, 340 pp}, publisher = {SNC SR, Administration of the PLA {\textendash} BR Po{\v l}ana}, organization = {SNC SR, Administration of the PLA {\textendash} BR Po{\v l}ana}, address = {Zvolen}, keywords = {Slovakia}, author = {Jindrich Rohacek and Jindrich Rohacek and {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k, J.} } @article {23518, title = {Floral scent and pollinators of Ceropegia trap flowers}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {232}, year = {2017}, pages = {169{\textendash}182}, abstract = {

Ceropegia L. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) comprises more than 200 species, all characterized by complex pitfall flowers. The deceptive flowers are myiophilous and pollinated predominantly by small flies from different families. It has been suggested that floral scent cues, that mimic food sources or oviposition sites, play an important role for attraction of target fly pollinators, and, together with morphological flower traits, explain the high functional specialization in terms of pollination by specific taxa. However, apart from two Ceropegia species, the floral scent composition and the mimicry strategies in this genus are unexplored. We tested for associations between floral scent and insect visitor and pollinator assemblages of 14 Ceropegia species. We also used nrDNA and chloroplast DNA markers to calculate a Maximum Likelihood tree and test for phylogenetic signal in scent chemistry and flower visitors/pollinators. The observed pollinators belonged to eight fly families, at least 18 genera, and 33 morphospecies, but each Ceropegia species was typically associated with only one or two pollinating fly families or genera. We detected a total of 317 floral volatiles, including aliphatic and aromatic components, terpenes, and various unknowns. Both flower visitor and pollinator patterns did not show an overall association with floral
scent chemistry. There was phylogenetic signal in flower visiting fly families and fly pollinator assemblages, but not in flower visiting fly morphospecies and overall scent chemistry. We discuss that despite the not existing correlation between pollinator and scent patterns the highly specific pollination system in Ceropegia will be explained mainly by floral scent chemistry.

}, keywords = {Chemical mimicry, Deceptive strategy, Fly pollination, Pollen transfer efficiency, Scent specificity}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.02.001}, author = {A Heiduk and Irina Brake and Tschirnhaus, M. von and Haenni, J. P. and Miller, R. and Hash, J. and Prieto-Ben{\'\i}tez, S. and J{\"u}rgens, A. and Johnson, S. D. and Schulz, S. and Liede-Schumann, S. and Meve, U. and D{\"o}tterl, S.} } @article {22946, title = {Deceptive Ceropegia dolichophylla fools its kleptoparasitic fly pollinators with exceptional floral scent}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Ceropegia species (Apocynaceae) have deceptive pitfall flowers and exploit small flies as pollinators, supposedly by chemical mimicry. Only preliminary data on the composition of flower scents are available for a single species so far, and the mimicry system is not yet understood in any species. We collected data on basic pollination aspects of C. dolichophylla, analyzed floral scent by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), identified electrophysiologically active scent components by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD), and determined compounds responsible for pollinator attraction in bioassays. We found that flowers of C. dolichophylla are visited by small flies of several taxa. Only Milichiidae and Chloropidae carried pollinaria and are, thus, pollinators. The pollen transfer efficiency (PTE) at two different sites was 2\% and 4\%, respectively. The floral scent was dominated by spiroacetals, mainly (2S,6R,8S)-8-methyl-2-propyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, n-tridecane, and N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide. This spiroacetal and the acetamide elicited the most intense electrophysiological responses in fly antennae, and bioassays confirmed the capability of the spiroacetal in eliciting behavioral responses in pollinators. Most flies, determined as pollinators of C. dolichophylla, are kleptoparasites. They exploit insect prey of predatory arthropods as food source to which they are attracted by volatiles. 8-Methyl-2-propyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide have not been identified before as volatiles of other plants, however, they are known as insect volatiles. Both compounds occur in the venom glands of paper wasps, a potential food source for the pollinators of C. dolichophylla. We propose that C. dolichophylla shows a kleptomyiophilous pollination strategy. It mimics insect related odors to exploit the food-seeking behavior of its kleptoparasitic pollinators.

}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00066}, url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/chemical_ecology/10.3389/fevo.2015.00066/abstract}, author = {Heiduk, Annemarie and Kong, Hanghui and Irina Brake and von Tschirnhaus, Michael and Tolasch, Till and Tr{\"o}ger, Armin and Wittenberg, Elisabeth and Francke, Wittko and Meve, Ulrich and D{\"o}tterl, Stefan} } @inbook {22801, title = {Milichiidae}, booktitle = {Diptera of Podyji National Park and its environs}, year = {2005}, pages = {315{\textendash}318}, publisher = {Cesk{\'a} zemedelsk{\'a} univerzita v Praze}, organization = {Cesk{\'a} zemedelsk{\'a} univerzita v Praze}, address = {Praha}, keywords = {Czech Republic}, author = {Jindrich Rohacek and Kubik, S and Bart{\'a}k, M.}, editor = {Bart{\'a}k, M. and Kubik, S} } @article {15807, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pal{\"a}arktischen Madizinae}, journal = {Natuurhistorisch Maandblad}, volume = {1935}, year = {1935}, pages = {14-16, 24-26, 37-40}, type = {article}, keywords = {Carnidae, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa sordida, fascifrons, Hypaspistomyia, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Liodesma atra, luteola, Madiza glabra, Madiza pachymera, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Neophyllomyza fascifrons, Neophyllomyza leanderi, Neophyllomyza quercus, Phyllomyza beckeri, Phyllomyza donisthorpei, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza fagicola, Phyllomyza flavitarsis, Phyllomyza formicae, Phyllomyza lasiae, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza lucens, Phyllomyza rubricornis, Phyllomyza silesiaca, Phyllomyza tetragona, species description}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Duda_1935.pdf}, author = {Duda, O.} } @article {15448, title = {The type material of Milichiidae and Carnidae (Insecta: Diptera: Schizophora) in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien}, journal = {Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B}, volume = {110}, year = {2009}, month = {April 2009}, pages = {67-76}, abstract = {The type specimens of Milichiidae and Carnidae in the Natural History Museum Vienna are listed. Lectotypes are designated for Phyllomyza epitacta HENDEL, 1914, Milichia integra BECKER, 1922, and Pholeomyia longifacies HENDEL, 1933. Additionally, Madiza palpalia WAHLBERG is considered as an unavailable name for Desmometopa discipalpis PAPP, 1993.}, keywords = {Aldrichiomyza agromyzina, Carnidae, Carnus eggeri, Carnus hemapterus, Carnus setosus, Desmometopa ciliata, Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa sordida, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa lacteipennis, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza palpalia, Meoneura algerica, Meoneura furcata, Meoneura infuscata, Meoneura obscurella, Meoneura pectinata, Milichia decora, Milichia integra, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella bimaculata, Milichiella freyi, Milichiella hendeli, Milichiella nitida, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza leanderi, Pholeomyia anomala, Pholeomyia argyrophenga, Pholeomyia leucozona, Pholeomyia longifacies, Pholeomyia schineri, Phyllomyza epitacta, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza lucens, Phyllomyza melania, Phyllomyza tetragona, types}, author = {Irina Brake} } @inbook {3980, title = {Milichiidae et Carnidae}, booktitle = {Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region}, volume = {61a}, year = {1937}, pages = {1-91}, type = {chapter}, keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Milichiidae, Palaearctis}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hennig1937.pdf}, author = {Hennig, W.} }