@article {23906,
	title = {{\textquoteleft}Bleeding{\textquoteright} flowers of <i>Ceropegia gerrardii</i> (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) mimic wounded insects to attract kleptoparasitic fly pollinators},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {239},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-04-2023},
	pages = {1490-1504},
	abstract = {<p><jats title="">Summary</jats><jats p=""><jats list="" list-type="bullet"> <jats list-item=""><jats p="">Kleptomyiophily, where flowers imitate wounded insects to attract \&lsquo;kleptoparasitic\&rsquo; flies as pollinators, is one of the most specialized types of floral mimicry and often involves physical trapping devices. However, the diversity of pollinators and functional floral traits involved in this form of mimicry remain poorly understood. We report a novel example of kleptomyiophily in the nontrapping flowers of <jats italic="">Ceropegia gerrardii</jats> and explore the floral traits responsible for attracting pollinators.</jats></jats> <jats list-item=""><jats p="">The pollinators, reproductive biology and floral traits (including epidermal surfaces, spectral reflectance and the composition of nectariferous petal secretions and scent) were investigated. Attractive volatiles were identified using electrophysiological and behavioural experiments.</jats></jats> <jats list-item=""><jats p=""><jats italic="">Ceropegia gerrardii</jats> was predominantly pollinated by kleptoparasitic <jats italic="">Desmometopa</jats> spp. (Milichiidae) flies. The flower corollas extrude a protein- and sugar-containing secretion, similar to the haemolymph of wounded insects, on which the flies feed. Floral scent was chemically similar to that of injured honey bees. Four out of 24 electrophysiologically active compounds, all released by injured honey bees, were identified as key players in pollinator attraction.</jats></jats> <jats list-item=""><jats p="">Our results suggest that <jats italic="">C.\&thinsp;gerrardii</jats> flowers chemically mimic wounded honey bees to attract kleptoparasitic flies and reward them with a secretion similar to the haemolymph on which they would normally feed.</jats></jats> </jats></jats></p>
},
	keywords = {behavioural trap, Brachystelma, electroantennographic detection, floral scent, fly-pollination, haemolymph mimicry, honey bee mimicry, kleptoparasitism},
	issn = {0028-646X, 1469-8137},
	doi = {10.1111/nph.18888},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18888},
	author = {Heiduk, Annemarie and Brake, Irina and Shuttleworth, Adam and Johnson, Steven D.}
}
@article {23170,
	title = {Nuevos datos sobre d{\'\i}pteros iberobaleares (D{\'\i}ptera: Orthorrhapha y Cyclorrhapha)},
	journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Asociaci{\'o}n espa{\~n}ola de Entomolog{\'\i}a},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {53-95},
	url = {http://www.entomologica.es/cont/publis/boletines/1053.pdf},
	author = {Carles-Tolr{\'a}, M.}
}
@article {14881,
	title = {Milichiidae of the Lake Kerkini region in Greece},
	number = {19 January 2010},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa microps, Desmometopa sordida, Enigmilichia, Greece, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza, Madiza glabra, Milichia ludens, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella iberica, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Paramyia hungarica, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza securicornis, Phyllomyza sp. Sultanitsa},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/node/12233},
	author = {Irina Brake}
}
@inbook {3980,
	title = {Milichiidae et Carnidae},
	booktitle = {Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region},
	volume = {61a},
	year = {1937},
	pages = {1-91},
	type = {chapter},
	keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Milichiidae, Palaearctis},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hennig1937.pdf},
	author = {Hennig, W.}
}
@inbook {4205,
	title = {Celad: Milichiidae},
	booktitle = {Diptera Slovenska, II: Cyclorrhapha},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {184-185},
	type = {chapter},
	address = {Veda, Bratislava},
	keywords = {argyrogaster, catalog, Desmometopa, Desmometopa m-nigrum, donisthorpei, equitans, Europe, flavitarsis, glabra, Leptometopa, Leptometopa niveipennis, Madiza, Milichiella, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, pachymera, Phyllomyza, securicornis, Slovenia, sordida},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Gregor_1986.pdf},
	author = {Gregor, F.}
}
@inbook {4211,
	title = {Milichiidae},
	booktitle = {Enumeratio insectorum Bohemoslovakiae - Check list of Czechoslovak insects II (Diptera).},
	series = {Acta faunistica entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae},
	number = {18},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {262},
	type = {chapter},
	keywords = {argyrogaster, Czech Republic, Desmometopa, Desmometopa m-nigrum, donisthorpei, equitans, flavi, glabra, Leptometopa, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Madiza, Milichia, Milichia ludens, Milichiella, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, pachymera, Phyllomyza, Slovakia, sordida, speciosa},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Gregor_1987.pdf},
	author = {Gregor, F.},
	editor = {Jezek, J.}
}
@inbook {4269,
	title = {Milichiidae},
	booktitle = {Check list of Diptera (Insecta) of the Czech and Slovak Republics},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {80},
	publisher = {Charles University Press},
	organization = {Charles University Press},
	type = {chapter},
	address = {Prague},
	keywords = {argyrogaster, beckeri, catalog, Desmometopa, Desmometopa m-nigrum, donisthorpei, equitans, Europe, flavitarsis, formicae, glabra, leanderi, Leptometopa, Leptometopa latipes, longipalpis, Madiza, melania, Milichia, Milichia ludens, Milichiella, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, nivei},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Roh{\'a}{\v c}ek\%20J_1997_80.pdf},
	author = {Jindrich Rohacek},
	editor = {Chv{\'a}la, M.}
}
@article {4054,
	title = {Acalyptrata, part 1},
	journal = {List of Diptera of the Leningrad Region. III},
	year = {1958},
	pages = {103-191},
	type = {article},
	keywords = {anceps, argyrogaster, Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Carnus, Desmometopa, Desmometopa m-nigrum, equitans, Europe, flavifacies, glabra, hemapterus, lacteipennis, lamellata, Leptometopa, Leptometopa latipes, localities, Madiza, Meoneura, Milichia, Milichia ludens, Milichiella, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Phyllomyz},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Stackelberg_1958.pdf},
	author = {Stackelberg, A. A.}
}
@article {4160,
	title = {72. csal{\'a}d: Milichiidae + Carnidae},
	journal = {Fauna Hungariae},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {9-50},
	type = {article},
	keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Carnus hemapterus, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa sordida, Europe, Hemeromyia anthracina, Hemeromyia remotinervis, images, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Madiza britannica, Madiza glabra, Madiza pachymera, Meoneura carpathica, Meoneura exigua, Meoneura flavifacies, Meoneura freta, Meoneura hungarica, Meoneura lacteipennis, Meoneura minuscula, Meoneura minutissima, Meoneura neglecta, Meoneura neottiophila, Meoneura obscurella, Meoneura paralacteipennis, Meoneura triangularis, Milichia ludens, Milichia pseudoludens, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Phyllomyza donisthorpei, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza flavitarsis, Phyllomyza melania, Phyllomyza rubricornis, Phyllomyza securicornis, Phyllomyza tetragona Phyllomyza longipalpis},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Papp_1978_9.pdf},
	author = {Papp, L.}
}
@article {4189,
	title = {Nov{\'e} nebo faunisticky zaj{\'\i}mav{\'\i} n{\'a}lazy druhu celedi Milichiidae a Carnidae (Diptera) z Ceskoslovenska},
	journal = {Casopis Slezsk{\'e}ho musea v Opave},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {17-21},
	type = {article},
	keywords = {anthracina, argyrogaster, atoma, Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, donisthorpei, equitans, Europe, flavifacies, flavitarsis, Hemeromyia, Leptometopa, Leptometopa niveipennis, Madiza, Meoneura, Milichia, Milichiella, Milichiidae, minutissima, neglecta, Neophyllomyza, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, pachymera, Ph},
	url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Roh{\'a}{\v c}ek\%20J\%20\&\%20Gregor\%20F\%20_1984.pdf},
	author = {Jindrich Rohacek and Gregor, F.}
}
