@article {23906, title = {{\textquoteleft}Bleeding{\textquoteright} flowers of Ceropegia gerrardii (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) mimic wounded insects to attract kleptoparasitic fly pollinators}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {239}, year = {2023}, month = {Apr-04-2023}, pages = {1490-1504}, abstract = {

Summary Kleptomyiophily, where flowers imitate wounded insects to attract \‘kleptoparasitic\’ flies as pollinators, is one of the most specialized types of floral mimicry and often involves physical trapping devices. However, the diversity of pollinators and functional floral traits involved in this form of mimicry remain poorly understood. We report a novel example of kleptomyiophily in the nontrapping flowers of Ceropegia gerrardii and explore the floral traits responsible for attracting pollinators. The pollinators, reproductive biology and floral traits (including epidermal surfaces, spectral reflectance and the composition of nectariferous petal secretions and scent) were investigated. Attractive volatiles were identified using electrophysiological and behavioural experiments. Ceropegia gerrardii was predominantly pollinated by kleptoparasitic Desmometopa spp. (Milichiidae) flies. The flower corollas extrude a protein- and sugar-containing secretion, similar to the haemolymph of wounded insects, on which the flies feed. Floral scent was chemically similar to that of injured honey bees. Four out of 24 electrophysiologically active compounds, all released by injured honey bees, were identified as key players in pollinator attraction. Our results suggest that C.\ gerrardii flowers chemically mimic wounded honey bees to attract kleptoparasitic flies and reward them with a secretion similar to the haemolymph on which they would normally feed.

}, keywords = {behavioural trap, Brachystelma, electroantennographic detection, floral scent, fly-pollination, haemolymph mimicry, honey bee mimicry, kleptoparasitism}, issn = {0028-646X, 1469-8137}, doi = {10.1111/nph.18888}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18888}, author = {Heiduk, Annemarie and Brake, Irina and Shuttleworth, Adam and Johnson, Steven D.} } @inbook {23553, title = {Order Diptera, families Milichiidae and Carnidae}, booktitle = {Arthropod fauna of the UAE}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, pages = {621-635}, keywords = {Carnidae, key, Milichiidae, new species, photos, United Arab Emirates}, author = {Deeming, J. C.} } @article {22946, title = {Deceptive Ceropegia dolichophylla fools its kleptoparasitic fly pollinators with exceptional floral scent}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Ceropegia species (Apocynaceae) have deceptive pitfall flowers and exploit small flies as pollinators, supposedly by chemical mimicry. Only preliminary data on the composition of flower scents are available for a single species so far, and the mimicry system is not yet understood in any species. We collected data on basic pollination aspects of C. dolichophylla, analyzed floral scent by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), identified electrophysiologically active scent components by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD), and determined compounds responsible for pollinator attraction in bioassays. We found that flowers of C. dolichophylla are visited by small flies of several taxa. Only Milichiidae and Chloropidae carried pollinaria and are, thus, pollinators. The pollen transfer efficiency (PTE) at two different sites was 2\% and 4\%, respectively. The floral scent was dominated by spiroacetals, mainly (2S,6R,8S)-8-methyl-2-propyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, n-tridecane, and N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide. This spiroacetal and the acetamide elicited the most intense electrophysiological responses in fly antennae, and bioassays confirmed the capability of the spiroacetal in eliciting behavioral responses in pollinators. Most flies, determined as pollinators of C. dolichophylla, are kleptoparasites. They exploit insect prey of predatory arthropods as food source to which they are attracted by volatiles. 8-Methyl-2-propyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide have not been identified before as volatiles of other plants, however, they are known as insect volatiles. Both compounds occur in the venom glands of paper wasps, a potential food source for the pollinators of C. dolichophylla. We propose that C. dolichophylla shows a kleptomyiophilous pollination strategy. It mimics insect related odors to exploit the food-seeking behavior of its kleptoparasitic pollinators.

}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00066}, url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/chemical_ecology/10.3389/fevo.2015.00066/abstract}, author = {Heiduk, Annemarie and Kong, Hanghui and Irina Brake and von Tschirnhaus, Michael and Tolasch, Till and Tr{\"o}ger, Armin and Wittenberg, Elisabeth and Francke, Wittko and Meve, Ulrich and D{\"o}tterl, Stefan} } @article {15448, title = {The type material of Milichiidae and Carnidae (Insecta: Diptera: Schizophora) in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien}, journal = {Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B}, volume = {110}, year = {2009}, month = {April 2009}, pages = {67-76}, abstract = {The type specimens of Milichiidae and Carnidae in the Natural History Museum Vienna are listed. Lectotypes are designated for Phyllomyza epitacta HENDEL, 1914, Milichia integra BECKER, 1922, and Pholeomyia longifacies HENDEL, 1933. Additionally, Madiza palpalia WAHLBERG is considered as an unavailable name for Desmometopa discipalpis PAPP, 1993.}, keywords = {Aldrichiomyza agromyzina, Carnidae, Carnus eggeri, Carnus hemapterus, Carnus setosus, Desmometopa ciliata, Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa sordida, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa lacteipennis, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza palpalia, Meoneura algerica, Meoneura furcata, Meoneura infuscata, Meoneura obscurella, Meoneura pectinata, Milichia decora, Milichia integra, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella bimaculata, Milichiella freyi, Milichiella hendeli, Milichiella nitida, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza leanderi, Pholeomyia anomala, Pholeomyia argyrophenga, Pholeomyia leucozona, Pholeomyia longifacies, Pholeomyia schineri, Phyllomyza epitacta, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza lucens, Phyllomyza melania, Phyllomyza tetragona, types}, author = {Irina Brake} } @article {4385, title = {Diptera of Thailand. A summary of the families and genera with references to the species representations}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, pages = {97-269}, abstract = {Results of the Diptera identifications in the materials collected by the workers of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) in Thailand in 2003 and 2004 are reported (supplemented by a collection in 2000 of the MHNG). A summary of the dipterous families and genera represented in Thailand are given with references to the species representations. Twenty-four families are reported for the first time from Thailand, by which representatives of 99 Diptera families are known from Thailand. Several genera and species are recorded also from Vietnam. Three new genera, Asiodixa L. PAPP, gen. n. (Dixidae, type species A. maculosa sp. n.), Bisubcosta L. PAPP, gen. n. (Keroplatidae, type species B. oligoneura sp. n.) and Stenocyamops L. PAPP, gen. n (Stenomicridae, type species S. thaii sp. n.) and a subgenus Paramyioides (Spinitrochanter) L. PAPP, subg. n. (Milichiidae, type species P. (S.) horrida sp. n.), as well as 29 new species are described from Thailand: Asiodixa maculosa L. PAPP, sp. n., Asiodixa pura L. PAPP, sp. n., Thaumalea nigronitida L. PAPP, sp. n., Mesochria thaii L. PAPP, sp. n., Bisubcosta oligoneura L. PAPP, sp. n., Heteropterna oroszi L. PAPP, sp. n., Heteropterna thaii L. PAPP, sp. n., Platyroptilon jarujini L. PAPP, sp. n., Setostylus alienus L. PAPP, sp. n., Xenokeroplatus continentalis L. PAPP, sp. n., Lycosepsis bisela L. PAPP, sp. n., Lycorsepsis oedipus L. PAPP, sp. n. Formicosepsis paratinctipennis L. PAPP, sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia dorsocentralis L. PAPP, sp. n., Strongylophthalmyia macrocera L. PAPP, sp. n., S. palpalis L. PAPP, sp. n., S. thaii L. PAPP, sp. n., Noonamyia sasakawai L. PAPP, sp. n., Spaniocelypus paradentatus L. PAPP, sp. n., Odinia thaii L. PAPP, sp. n., Aldrichionivza iwasai L. PAPP, sp. n., Paramyioides (Spinitrochanter) horrida L. PAPP, sp. n., P. (S.)spinosa L. PAPP, sp. n., Campichoeta (Thryptocheta)flavicauda L. PAPP, sp. n., Cyamops fumipennis L. PAPP, sp. n., Stenomicra flava L. PAPP, sp. n., Podocera claripennis L. PAPP, sp. n., P. variegata L. PAPP, sp. n., Stenocyamops thaii L. PAPP, sp. n. With 139 figures. }, keywords = {Aldrichiomyza iwasai, Desmometopa singaporensis, genus description, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiella smithi, Milichiella sumptuosa, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza, Paramyia nitida, Paramyioides horrida, Paramyioides spinosa, Phyllomyza, species description, Spinitrochanter, Stomosis, Thailand}, isbn = {1217-8837}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14304024297 }, author = {Papp, L. and Merz, B. and Foldvari, M.} } @article {3851, title = {H. Sauter{\textquoteright}s Formosa-Ausbeute. Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.) III}, journal = {Supplementa entomologica}, volume = {3}, year = {1914}, pages = {90-117, 7 figs}, type = {article}, keywords = {Asia, Desmometopa, epitacta, formosa, Leptometopa, Milichiidae, Phyllomyza, Prodesmometopa, species description, Taiwan, tristicula, wulpi}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hendel\%20F_1914_90_DiptIII.pdf}, author = {Hendel, F.} } @article {3852, title = {Studien {\"u}ber s{\"u}dostasiatische Dipteren. IX}, journal = {Tijdschrift voor Entomologie}, volume = {57}, year = {1914}, pages = {137-276, pls. 5-7}, type = {article}, keywords = {Desmometopa palpalis, Desmometopa singaporensis, Milichiella unicolor, Milichiidae, Orientalis, Phyllomyza cavernae, Phyllomyza flavipalpis, Phyllomyza lutea, Phyllomyza nigripalpis, species description}, url = {http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10860759}, author = {de Meijere, J. C. H.} } @article {3865, title = {Studien {\"u}ber s{\"u}dostasiatische Dipteren. XIV}, journal = {Tijdschrift voor Entomologie}, volume = {60}, year = {1918}, pages = {275-369}, type = {article}, keywords = {Asia, catalog, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa tarsalis, Milichia brevirostris, Milichia myrmecophila, Milichia posticata, Milichiella javana, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiella sumptuosa, Milichiella unicolor, Milichiidae, Paramyia inconspicua, Phyllomyza cavernae, Phyllomyza flavipalpis, Phyllomyza lutea, Phyllomyza nigripalpis, Prosaetomilichia}, url = {http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10855999}, author = {de Meijere, J. C. H.} } @inbook {4335, title = {Family Milichiidae}, booktitle = {Diptera:Cyclorrhapha III, Series Schizophora,Section Acalypterae, Exclusive of Family Drosophilidae}, series = {Insects of Hawaii}, number = {13}, year = {1980}, pages = {351-367}, publisher = {University of Hawaii Press}, organization = {University of Hawaii Press}, keywords = {biology, Desmometopa inaurata, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa tarsalis, Desmometopa tristicula, family description, Hawaii, images, key, Leptometopa beardsleyi, Milichia orientalis, Milichiella, Milichiella circularis, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiella longiseta, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza, species description}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hardy\%20DE\%20\&\%20Deffinado_1980.pdf}, author = {Hardy, D. E. and Delfinado, M. D.} } @article {4110, title = {Katalog der in den Sammlungen des ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes aufbewahrten Typen - VIII}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Entomologie}, volume = {22}, year = {1970}, pages = {407-469}, type = {article}, keywords = {Aldrichiomyza elephas, Desmometopa tristicula, Leptometopa lacteipennis, Madiza britannica, Milichia argyrata, Milichiella concava, Milichiella montana, Milichiella spinthera, Milichiidae, Phyllomyza epitacta, Phyllomyza rubricornis}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Rohlfien\%20\&\%20Ewald_1970.pdf}, author = {Rohlfien, K. and Ewald, B.} }